Posted By: Margaret Kay
Posted On: May 1, 2019
Bernardo Bertolucci's 1987 epic The Last Emperor, winner of nine Academy Awards, tells the story of Pu Yi, a toddler who was created emperor of China in 1908 by the dying but still formidable Empress Dowager Cixi. From the moment Pu Yi steps foot in the Forbidden City, he is the tool of those who would be powerful. Yet, Bertolucci's tale reminds us that power is fleeting for all as we watch the characters in the story batted about by history with detached cruelty. From Imperial China to the Cultural Revolution of the 1960s, from a child virtually imprisoned by his throne to a teacher tormented for speaking truth, the uncredited star of this film is cruelty itself. And, like the other characters in this film, cruelty is virtually emotionless and indiscriminate about those it victimizes.
While the performances are deliberately restrained almost to the point of resembling a Stanley Kubrick film, the scenery (filmed in the Forbidden City itself), costumes, and colors of Pu Yi's world are lush and vivid. Rather than employing complex dialogue or emotive performances, Bertolucci tells his epic tale through striking cinematography, pregnant pauses, and stoic facial expressions that betray only the characters' well-trained ability to control emotion at all times. John Lone (Pu Yi) can express pages of exposition or dialogue in one shift in his hard-set jaw that subtly hints at the turmoil and frustration of the young emperor who falls prey to powerful manipulators again and again.
This dearth of snappy dialogue, however, combined with slow but luxurious pacing over nearly three hours, might make this film a hard sell for today's secondary school students. In addition, scenes with nudity, implied sexual encounters, and drug use would preclude showing the film in its entirety to this population. Nevertheless, teachers could select many scenes to highlight themes of the rise and inevitable fall of the powerful. Further, Bertolucci has taken pains to include some historic and cultural details that students will have read about, such as the yellow color exclusive to emperors, the massive seals used to mark approval of documents drafted in red ink to show that they are the edicts of the emperor himself, the Little Red Books carried by the teen puppets of Chairman Mao, and the giant black pearl placed in the Empress Dowager's mouth to see her to the afterlife.
In Pu Yi's story, students can also draw comparisons to both ancient and modern tragic heroes--mostly empathetic characters who found themselves in power and contributed to their own fall through a personal flaw to which they were blind.